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A History of Korean Gaming
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그라비티 Gravity
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Founded:
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1994 (Team Gravity)
1998 (Gravity Software)
April 20th, 2000 (Gravity)
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Status:
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active
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Key People:
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김학규 Kim Hakkyu:
Founder, CEO (until April 2002)
金定律 김정률 Kim Jeongryul:
Founder, Chairman (until September 2005)
정병곤 Jeong Byeonggon:
CEO (April 16th-September 2002)
임건수 Im Geonsu:
CEO (September 16th-November 2002)
정휘영 Jeong Hwiyeong:
CEO (November 2002-September 2004)
Richard Kim Hyonkook:
CEO (September 2004-March 2005)
윤웅진 Yun Ungjin:
CEO (March 30th, 2005-September 21th, 2005)
류일영 Ryu Ilyeong:
(Co-)CEO, Chairman (September 12th, 2005-June 2008)
강윤석 Kang Yoonseok:
CEO (June 10th, 2008-March 2011)
Ohno Toshiro:
Co-CEO (April 2009-March 2011)
박현철 Park Hyunchul:
CEO (March 2011-present)
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Website:
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www.gravity.co.kr
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Profile:
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Gravity's story begins with the indie Artcraft Team, which split into two groups after the creation of Lychnis. Part of the team stayed stayed Softmax' development team, while Kim Hakkyu and others went on to form Team Gravity1, first to team up with S&T Entertainment for Lars the Wanderer, before establishing Gravity Software as an independent company. The developer continued to team up with other companies frequently, be it Namil Soft, Orange Soft or Sonnori2.
In April 2000, the company was rebooted as Gravity (dropping "Software"), with Amuse World's Kim Jeongryul as investor and chairman on board3. In this configuration Gravity went on to create the worldwide hit MMORPG Ragnarok, but even during the initial promotion, the alliance started to crackle. On April 16th, 2002 Kim Hakkyu resigned as CEO to "concentrate on game development as game designer"4, but on September 10th the same year he left the company, stating general exhaustion with the job as his reason5.
In the wake of Kim Hakgyu's leave followed wild news and quotes about heavy differences between the former CEO and Kim Jeongryul. The chairman was quoted attacking Kim Hakkyu as unreliable and a traitor, while Kim Hakkyu reportedly claimed about much verbal abuse6. It is hard to decide how trustworthy all of these reports were, fact is that Gravity sued Kim Hakkyu for taking his own stock share of 14.35% with him, which he later sold legally through a 3rd party agent7.
From then on the company started to change CEOs like other people change their pants. Kim Jeongryul in the end came out as the winner in this whole dispute, as he continued being celebrated as the sole reason for the whole success of Ragnarok Online8.
In 2005 Gravity went on a shopping spree, acquiring both the former RTS specialist Triggersoft (May 4th)9 and the mobile solutions and games developer Neo Cyon (November 16th)10.
But business remained tumultous. Late in August 2005, Kim Jeongryul sold his 52.4% percent of stocks to the Japanese company EZER, affiliated with the Soft Bank group11. (This was considered by some as an act of treason, as Ragnarok was often praised as the most popular product of Korean culture in Japan). He cut his ties to the company fast, too, as he skipped a public appearance at a company promotion event on September 8th on very short notice11. Minority shareholders protested against the deal and against Softbank, as the soon to be introduced new policies seemed to facilitate not the good of Gravity, but Soft Bank and another of its affiliates, GungHo (provider of Ragnarok Online in Japan)12.
Early in 2006 Gravity put up misappropriation charges over 9,000,000,000 won (ca. 8 million US dollar) against Kim Jeongryul14, who was soon to make his comeback with the new company Cykan Entertainment. He eventually paid back the company, but still claimed Soft Bank double crossed him15. The name of Yun Ungjin, who was Gravity's CEO at the time of transition, was also dragged into the affair, which lead him to sue the company for libel16. In 2008, majority ownership changed to GungHo, but otherwise much more quiet times began for Gravity.
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MoleMole Wars - PC-DOS (1994)

MoleMole Wars
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MoleMole Wars was just a little demo team Artcraft put together while they were still developing Lychnis. In it, two players controlling weird animals (who return as enemies in Lychnis) have to fight each other in a small sideview arena. The game was freely distributed via newsgroups.
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MoleMole Wars
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Lychnis - PC-DOS (June 1994)

Lychnis
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In cooperation with Softmax, Artcraft created Lychnis, which is introduced at the Softmax profile.
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Lychnis
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Lars the Wanderer (라스더원더러) / Lars the Wonderer - PC-DOS (November 1995), Mobile (April 2002)

Lars the Wanderer (PC-DOS)
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Lars the Wanderer (PC-DOS)
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Lars the Wanderer (PC-DOS)
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Lars the Wanderer (PC-DOS)
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Lars the Wanderer (PC-DOS)
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Lars the Wanderer (PC-DOS)
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Lars the Wanderer (PC-DOS)
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Cover
Not the greatest day in the world of Lars the Wanderer: His medieval homeland is invaded by tiny yellow smilies in futuristic machines. Fortunately, a more bening visitor from the future has appeared in the king's palace with Mimi, the daughter of the mad scientist who built all the machines. Together the two set out to eliminate the smiley threat, which leads them across the kingdom and even into the future, which looks like it's lifted straight from Mega Man X.
Although Lars the Wanderer is mostly a sidescrolling action platformer, there are a few RPG elements in the form of experience points (strategically banking on levelups is essential, as they completely heal Lars) and a variety of spells to learn. At the beginning of each section, Mimi asks if she should accompany Lars, whereupon she's controlled by a second player. She doesn't have any spells, but attacks enemies from afar with her mighty shotgun. The first half of the levels are strictly linear, only towards the end they become a little more labyrinthine. In between stages the wanderers visit towns where they can chat with villagers and buy supplies, similar to the Wonder Boy in Monster World games.
More than any later Softmax game, the graphics still betray the same sense of aesthetics as Lychnis, although the colors aren't as pastel dominated. Unfortunately, the difficulty curve can be very frustrating and enforces a lot of grinding.
In 2002 Lars became one of the first classic Korean DOS games to be ported to mobile phones, now officially misspelled as "Lars the Wonderer". Divided into three episodes, it introduced a much more elaborate inventory with a seperate screen and more different swords, armors and tools.
Lars the Wonderer (Mobile)

Advertisement
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Lars the Wanderer (PC-DOS)
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Lars the Wanderer (PC-DOS)
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Lars the Wanderer (PC-DOS)
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Lars the Wanderer (PC-DOS)
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Lars the Wanderer (PC-DOS)
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Lars the Wanderer (PC-DOS)
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Lars the Wanderer (PC-DOS)
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개미맨 2 (Gaemi Man 2) / Antman 2 - Windows (1998)

Antman 2
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Antman 2
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Antman 2
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Antman 2
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Korean cover
Sometimes it's better to rip-off the best than trying to invent everything anew, and Antman 2 only stole from the very best. Its influences in Metal Slug and Gunstar Heroes are all too obvious. The weapons seem like lifted straight from Treasure's masterpiece (sans the combination mechanic), and the characters can grab enemies, slide around and execute a variety of special moves. The graphics, on the other hand, are more akin to Metal Slug, and just as in that series powerups are gained by saving hostages, although here they are all young women instead of the bearded, half-naked guys in Metal Slug.
While Antman 2 never reaches the genius of any of its role models, it's still an outstanding run 'n gun, and definitely the best of its kind from Korea. It's a bid sad that it drops the other two characters from the first game, instead they're replaced by an ordinary guy with no suit. As a true hommage to arcade run 'n guns, of course 2-player simultaneous gameplay is also featured.
Antman 2 was also published in German speaking countries, following the usual budget model with low print runs, and is thus fairly rare.
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Antman 2
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Antman 2
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Antman 2
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Antman 2
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Sting (스팅) - Windows (December 23rd, 1998)

Sting
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Produced by Orange Soft in cooperation with Gravity, this game will be introduced at the Orange Soft profile.
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Sting
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Arcturus: The Curse and Loss of Divinity (악튜러스) - Windows (December 14th, 2000)

Arcturus
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Created in cooperation between Sonnori and Gravity, this game is introduced at the Sonnori profile.
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Arcturus
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Ragnarok Online (라그나로크온라인) - Windows (November 1st, 2001 [open beta]; August 3rd, 2002)

Ragnarok Online
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Ragnarok Online
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Ragnarok Online
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Poster
Ragnarok Online was the last Gravity game that was developed with participation of company founder Kim Hakgyu before he left the company to create Granado Espada with IMC games. Loosely based on a comic book series by Lee Myungjin (Eojjeonji...Jeonyeok), the game uses a 2.5D Engine similar to Arcturus, but this time for an MMORPG. Ragnarok is the original global mega hit among Korean MMORPGs. Available in 37 countries17, Gravity claims the game is played by 50 million people world wide. The game definitely is the main source for Gravity's success and chairman Kim Jeongryul's fame, not least thanks to extensive advertisement and merchandising. There is a Ragnarok Trading Card Game (which spawned an online version by Zeonix & Yahoo! Korea), dozens of mobile spin-offs (see below), countless Guidebooks, comics and Ragnarok-themed lifestyle books, and even an anime series made in Japan18, where Ragnarok is ridiculously popular.
The constant popularity is even more astonishing considering the fact that since its original commercialization, the game remained on a monthly subscription basis until April 6th, 2011, when Gravity and Gung-Ho switched to a free-to-play model with optional VIP membership19.
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Ragnarok Online
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Ragnarok Online
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Ragnarok Online
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ROSE Online (로즈온라인) - Windows (September 15th, 2004 [open beta]; January 20th, 2005)
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Requiem Online (레퀴엠 온라인) - Windows (July 21st, 2007 [open beta]; October 2007)
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라그나로크 온라인 2: 세계의 문 (Ragnarok Online 2: Segye-ui Mun) / Ragnarok Online 2: The Gate of The World - Windows (May 28th, 2007 [open beta])
라그나로크 온라인 2: 레전드 오브 세컨드 (Ragnarok Online 2: Legend of the Second) - Windows (February 22nd, 2012 [open beta])
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Pucca Racing: World Bike Tour (뿌까레이싱) - Windows (August 2nd, 2007 [open beta]; September 20th, 2007)
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W Baseball (W 베이스볼) - Windows (August 23th, 2007)
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Body Check Online (바디첵온라인) - Windows (August 29th, 2007)
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Ragnarok DS (라그나로크 DS) - NDS (June 25th, 2009)

Ragnarok DS
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Cover
For anyone who loves the grindfest of an MMO but doesn't want to play with other people (although there is a special dungeon that can be tackled by up to three players teaming up through WiFi), Gravity brought Ragnarok to the DS as a predominantly single player experience. Or was it Gung-Ho? Western sources, first and foremost Wikipedia, are very keen on stressing the "fact" that Gung-Ho developed the game, while Gravity's homepage clearly lists the game as the Korean company's own creation. Either way the game, which was localized into English by Xseed, hasn't been received well.
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Ragnarok DS
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Mobile Games - Mobile (since 2002)
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References
1. http://blog.naver.com/PostView.nhn?blogId=wather79&logNo=40001722074&redirect=Dlog&widgetTypeCall=true
2. http://web.archive.org/web/20010208084449/http://gravity.co.kr/about.htm
3. http://blog.daum.net/_blog/BlogTypeView.do?blogid=03jzo&articleno=804090#ajax_history_home
4. http://www.gamemeca.com/news/news_view.html?seq=7&ymd=20020417&page=1&point_ck=&search_ym=&sort_type=&search_text=&send=&mission_num=&mission_seq=
5. http://www.bcpark.net/bbs/68169
6. http://micro21.new21.net/zbxe6/?mid=freeboard&listStyle=webzine&sort_index=readed_count&order_type=asc&page=7&document_srl=39092
7. http://blog.naver.com/PostView.nhn?blogId=wather79&logNo=40001722074&redirect=Dlog&widgetTypeCall=true
8. http://blog.daum.net/_blog/BlogTypeView.do?blogid=03jzo&articleno=804090#ajax_history_home
9. http://www.hani.co.kr/arti/economy/it/31619.html
10. http://www.jstock.co.kr/?pkg=stocknewsbbs.view&code=000183&page=1&b=116
11. http://www.etnews.com/news/detail.html?id=200508310188
12. http://www.thisisgame.com/board/view.php?id=17384&category=102
13. http://www.ft.com/cms/s/0/a7a05ac0-75e0-11db-aea1-0000779e2340.html
14. http://www.hankyung.com/news/app/newsview.php?aid=2006012360288&nid=006&sid=0106&type=0&nv=
15. http://news.inews24.com/php/news_view.php?g_serial=221445&g_menu=022600 http://webzine.inven.co.kr/news/?news=1286
16. http://sports.khan.co.kr/news/sk_index.html?cat=view&art_id=200511121039249&sec_id=930000
17. http://www.gravity.co.kr/games/ragnarok.asp
18. http://bestanime.co.kr/newAniData/aniInfo.php?idx=2020
19. http://www.gravity.co.kr/games/ragnarok.asp
20. http://game.donga.com/19949
21. http://www.ohmynews.com/NWS_Web/view/at_pg.aspx?CNTN_CD=A0000279480
22. http://www.mud4u.com/gnews/news_view.php?mc=news&sc=online&seq=15446
23. http://v.daum.net/link/13592714
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A History of Korean Gaming
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